Combined Solar Charging Stations and Energy Storage Units Allocation for Plug-In Electric Vehicles by Considering Uncertainties
نویسندگان
چکیده
Plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) are becoming a key feature of smart grids. PEVs will be embedded in the network as a mobile load-storage with probabilistic behavior. In order to manage PEVs as flexible loads, charging stations (CSs) have essential roles. In this paper, a new method for optimal sitting and sizing of solar CSs using energy storage (ES) options is presented. Also, behavior of PEVs in the presence of other loads, electricity price and solar power generation uncertainties are considered. The proposed optimization model maximizes the distribution company (DisCo) benefit by appropriate use of CSs, maximizes the benefit of CSs owners and minimizes the power loss, load demand and voltage sags during peak times considering different technical constraints. The optimization variables are the location and capacity of CSs (consists of solar units and energy storage systems). In this paper, charge-discharge actions of PEVs are regulated based on time-of-use demand response programs. In order to solve the optimization problem considering uncertainty of load growth, number of EVs, electricity price, initial state of charge in PEV batteries and solar power generation, genetic algorithm method using Monte-Carlo simulation is used. The simulation results show that the proposed method has several advantages for DisCo and owners of CSs. Keywords— Plug-in electric vehicles, charging station allocation, multi-objective optimization, energy storage, demand response program, smart grid.
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